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• 10:07, 28 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:TRF (Created page with "A TRF or Tuned Radio Frequency radio receiver is one in which the signal from the aerial is tuned and amplified at its incoming frequency before demodulation to recover the audio (or other) transmitted material. If the radio is to be tunable, this means that several tuned circuits have to be tuned in step, a problem overcome in the superhet radio design.")
• 08:50, 27 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:WAF (Created page with "The WAF or Wife Acceptance Factor is an estimation of the probability that your partner will accept the installation of your latest techie toy in the living room without an irreversible breakdown in your relationship.")
• 22:27, 25 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:Port (Created page with "A TCP or UDP port is simply a number designating a particuar service on a server. For example connecting to a computer with port number 80, the connection will be routed to the computer's web server software, or if you want an encrypted connection you connect to TCP port 443. Many other services for example email, DNS, time services, file and print services are distinguished by well known port numbers.")
• 15:59, 24 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:X.509 (Created page with "X.509 is a standard defining a format for a digital certificate which creates a strong association between a identity such as a web site and a public key. That public key can then be used to digitally sign a web page coming from the web site. The digital certificate itself is signed by a chain of higher level digital certificates ending in a "root certificate" which everyone trusts.")
• 15:11, 24 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:E-Series (Created page with "The E series (E3, E6, E12, E24 etc) is a system of standard values for resistors, capacitors, inductors and zener diodes dividing each decade equally on a logarithmic scale. So for example, E12 resistors come in 12 values per decade, each roughly 20% greater than the last. See E Series in Wikipedia for more details.")
• 09:58, 24 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:DIMM (Created page with "A DIMM, or Dual In-line Memory Module (sometimes known as a "RAM stick") is a small circuit board, one or more of which very commonly serve as main working memory in a computer. It has contacts on both sides of an edge which mates with a socket (hence "Dual In-line") and contains a number of individual memory chips. There are several different standard sizes and each may contain various types and speeds of memory chip. An SODIMM is a...")
• 09:58, 24 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:SODIMM (Created page with "A SODIMM, or Small Outline Dual In-line Memory Module (sometimes known as a "RAM stick") is a small circuit board, one or more of which very commonly serve as main working memory in a laptop. It has contacts on both sides of an edge which mates with a socket (hence "Dual In-line") and contains a number of individual memory chips. There are different types containing various types and speeds of memory chip. A DIMM is a larger variant com...")
• 22:43, 23 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:SIM swap (Created page with "A SIM-swap attack is when a criminal convinces your mobile provider to give them a new SIM card for your phone. When they activate it your phone will go dead and they will then be able to request SMS-based password resets for your email and other online accounts, all of which will now go to their phone instead of yours. This is going to be a very bad day for you.")
• 22:27, 23 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:DNS (Created page with "DNS or the Domain Name System is the Internet-wide distributed system for looking up the IP address of a domain, such as restarters.net, required for routing data. Your computer queries a pre-configured DNS server which in turn queries other DNS servers for IP addresses it doesn't already know.")
• 21:44, 23 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:Symmetric cryptography (Created page with "In symmetric cryptography, decryption simply runs the encryption process backwards using the same key, unlike asymmetric or public key cryptography. AES is the commonest example. A problem is that for two parties to communicate securely they first need to securely agree a key. Public key cryptography overcomes this, but is computationally much more expensive.")
• 15:17, 22 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:Public key cryptography (Created page with "Public key or asymmetric cryptography is a form of encryption using separate keys for encryption and decryption, neither of which can be derived from the other. The public key can be used to encrypt messages which only the holder of the corresponding private key can decrypt. Alternatively, the holder of a private key can "digitally sign" a message by encrypting a digest of the message with his private key. By successfully decrypting the digest with the previously publish...")
• 14:39, 22 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:TLS (Created page with "TLS or Transport Layer Security is a standard for securing data over a TCP data stream. It offers encryption using a shared key derived using a secure key exchange mechanism, and allows one or both ends to identify themselves using digital certificates. It has superceded SSL, but "SSL" is still often used to describe a link actually secured by TLS.")
• 12:54, 22 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:SSL (Created page with "SSL or Secure Sockets Layer is a deprecated standard for securing data over a TCP data stream. It offers encryption using a shared key derived using a secure key exchange mechanism, and allows one or both ends to identify themselves using digital certificates. SSL went through several major versions, but 3.0 was deprecated in 2015 and has been superseded by TLS. Nevertheless, "SSL" is still often used to describe a link actually secured...")
• 16:38, 20 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:IMAP (Created page with "If you manage your email using a program or app on your own device (rather than using webmail) then IMAP or Internet Message Access Protocol provides a method by which your program or app can manage your email, optionally organised into different folders, held on a remote email server, and to retrieve emails as required.")
• 16:11, 20 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:POP3 (Created page with "If you manage your email using a program or app on your own device (rather than using webmail) then POP3 or Post Office Protocol 3 is a method by which your program or app retrieves incoming emails from an email server for storage on your device.")
• 16:11, 20 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:SMTP (Created page with "If you manage your email using a program or app on your own device (rather than using webmail) then SMTP or Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is the method by which your program or app submits outgoing email to a mail server.")
• 16:00, 20 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:Http/https (Created page with "http or Hypertext Transfer Protocol is the method by which a web browser requests and receives web pages from a web server. It is now largely superceded by https, which transmits requests and replies in encrypted form.")
• 21:39, 19 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:Entropy (Created page with "Entropy (in information theory) is the amount of information or uncertainty in a piece of data, usually measured in bits. For example a 3 digit PIN or combination lock has 1,000 possible values and so has almost 10 bits of entropy, because 10 bits allows you to count up to 1,024. The entropy of a password or encryption key can be used directly to estimate how long it might take to crack, by trying all possible values.")
• 21:14, 19 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:Signal to Noise Ratio (Created page with "The Signal to Noise (or S/N) ratio is a measure of the strength of a signal compared to any background noise or interference, and is measured in decibels (dB). In an audio system, a high S/N ratio tells you that any background hiss will be imperceptible, and in data communications, the S/N ratio directly affects the rate at which you can transmit data.")
• 21:14, 19 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:Decibel (Created page with "Decibels (dB) are a measure of relative power, for example by what factor does an amplifier increase the power of a signal, or by what factor is a TV signal reduced by losses in the cable between the aerial and the receiver. It's a logarithmic scale, 3dB representing a doubling of power, hence the dB gains or losses in a signal path can simply be added.")
• 17:52, 19 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:Noise (Created page with "Noise, in the context of electronics and communications, is any unwanted interference tending to mask a desired signal. It can never be eliminated entirely as the electronics we're surrounded with all generates a certain amount of interference, and an electric current itself consists of a random flow of electrons.")
• 17:40, 19 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:Metadata (Created page with "Metadata is "data about data". For example, a document or spreadsheet may contain information about the author; a digital camera will normally embed information about the exposure, location, date and time of a photo. Sharing these or other types of file can result in undesirable information leakage and privacy issues if you're not aware of the metadata they may contain.")
• 17:24, 19 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:Decoupling capacitor (Created page with "Variations in the current drawn by one part of a circuit can affect the voltage of the supply, hence affecting another part of the circuit. "Decoupling capacitors" are commonly connected to a supply at various points in order to absorb these variations and minimise any such unwanted and detrimental couplings.")
• 11:46, 17 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:Webmail (Created page with "Webmail is the method of managing your email entirely through a web page offered by your email provider, who stores your email on their own servers. The alternative is to manage your email through an applicationon your own device, which can give you greater flexibility in organising, searching and archiving your email.")
• 11:10, 17 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:Right to Repair (Created page with "R2R or Right to Repair is the movement and campaign to make repair options widely available at reasonable cost, and to outlaw practices which unnecessarily make repair uneconomic, difficult or virtually impossible. Such practices include non-availability or exhorbitant cost of spare parts or service information, manufacturing methods making disassembly difficult, and parts pairing or software locks restricting repair to the manufacturer or their authorised agents. These...")
• 11:33, 15 February 2024 Philip talk contribs moved page MPP inverter to Glossary:MPP inverter without leaving a redirect
• 11:30, 15 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page MPP inverter (Created page with "Getting the most power out of a PV (or solar) cell or wind turbine isn't straightforward. The output voltage will be maximum if you draw hardly any current, and if you draw as much current as you can the output voltage will drop almost to zero. In either case the power delivered (voltage × current) will be minimal. An MPP or Maximum Power Point controller or inverter will continuously adjust the current drawn in order to maximise the power, for exam...")
• 10:03, 14 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:EV (Created page with "An EV or Electric Vehicule is any kind of vehicle more conventionally powered by fossil fuels, but designed instead to be electrically powered.")
• 09:56, 14 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:ALU (Created page with "An ALU or Arithmetic and Logical Unit is that part of a CPU that actually performs arithmetic and logical operations, as commanded by and on data supplied to it by executive functions within the CPU. The 74181 is an early example of a 4-bit ALU implemented as a single silicon chip.")
• 09:42, 14 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:Unbrick (Created page with "A device is said to be "bricked" if it has been rendered non-functional, perhaps by loading the wrong firmware. "Unbricking" is the (sometimes difficult) process of restoring it to normal operation.")
• 17:12, 10 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:Ladder logic (Created page with "Ladder logic is a kind of simple graphical programming language with its roots in relay logic, formerly much used for the control of industrial plant and machinery, but still used by PLCs in similar applications. More details are given in the Ladder logic.")
• 16:59, 10 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:PLC (Created page with "A PLC or Programmable Logic Controller is a device much used in industry for controlling plant and machinery. It has a number of inputs which would be connected to sensors of different kinds, and outputs through which it can control switches, valves, motors, pumps etc in order for the machine or industrial process to operate correctly and safely. Their pre-electonic origins lie in relay logic and they are still normally programmed by similar Wikipedi...")
• 16:32, 10 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:Phase (Created page with "Two sounds (or electrical signals, or radio or light waves) may be identical, but if the waves of one lag in time behind those of the other, they're said to differ in phase. A phase difference is measured in degrees; 360 degrees represents a complete cycle so is the same as no phase difference, whereas with a phase difference of 180 degrees, the peak of one wave will coincide with the trough of the other and combined, they will cancel out.")
• 14:24, 9 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:SOHO (Created page with "SOHO or Small Office, Home Office is used to describe devices such as printers and routers, intended for domestic or small office use, rather than in an enterprise or similar environment in which they would typically be managed centrally by an IT department.")
• 14:24, 9 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:IT (Created page with "Information Technology, normally used to refer to computers and all ancilliary equipment.")
• 11:49, 9 February 2024 Philip talk contribs deleted page Glossary:Sod's Law (Merged into Murphy's Law)
• 11:24, 9 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:Sod's Law (Created page with "Sod's Law simply states what we all know: if anything can possibly go wrong, it generally will, often at the most inconvenient time.")
• 10:30, 9 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:Digital Signal Processor (Created page with "A DSP or Digital Signal Processor is a microprocessor optimised for demanding real-time computing tasks such as audio or video compression, processing or analysis.")
• 10:28, 9 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:Microprocessor (Created page with "A Microprocessor or MPU (MicroProcessor Unit) is the compete central processor of a computer on a single silicon chip, or in the case of a high-end microprocessor, possibly more than one chip in a single package. Additional components are required to provide program and data storage and peripheral functions such as input and output.")
• 10:14, 9 February 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:Microcontroller (Created page with "A Microcontroller or MCU (MicroController Unit, sometimes written μC) is an integrated circuit comprising a complete computer on a single silicon chip, albeit generally a relatively simple and low power one. It will contain a processor for executing instructions, program memory, working memory and a range of peripheral devices such as analogue and digital inputs and outputs, timers, counters and communication channels...")
• 09:31, 31 January 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:Feature phone (Created page with "A feature phone is generally taken to mean a mobile phone offering features beyond simply making and receiving voice calls. These might include a calendar, voice notes or a few simple games, all through a character-based non-graphical screen.")
• 09:31, 31 January 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:Smartphone (Created page with "A smartphone is generally taken to mean a full-featured mobile phone with a graphical touch screen and offering (in addition to making and receiving voice calls) email, instant messaging, web browsing and a wide range of additional functions provided through downloadable apps.")
• 09:04, 31 January 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:Parts pairing (Created page with "Parts pairing is the practice of some manufacturers of assigning unique serial numbers to subassemblies of a device, such as a smartphone screen, and preventing full functionaity of a replacement unless it has been paired with the device through a process not available to independant repairers.")
• 17:25, 30 January 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:TCON (Created page with "The TCON or Timing Controller board in a flat screen TV or monitor takes the video signal and converts it to a form the display panel can directly use, selecting and activating rows and columns of pixels in a timed sequence as required by the panel. A faulty TCON board is a possible cause of various types of display problem.")
• 16:44, 23 January 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:Robertson (Created page with "Robertson is a type of screw and screwdriver common in Canada but used elsewhere, especially in woodworking and general construction. The screw head has a square depression, slightly tapered to facilitate the insertion of a matching screwdriver with a square tip.")
• 10:09, 22 January 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:Pentalobe (Created page with "Pentalobe is a type of tamper-resistant screw and screwdriver introduced by Apple. See Types of screw head and screwdriver in the Wiki.")
• 10:09, 22 January 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:Tri-wing (Created page with "Tri-wing is a type of screw and screwdriver a bit like cross-head but having 3 arms instead of 4. See Types of screw head and screwdriver in the Wiki.")
• 10:09, 22 January 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:JIS (Created page with "JIS or Japanese Industry Standard is a type of crosshead screw and screwdriver commonest in the Pacific rim. It is distinguished by a raised or recessed dot on the screw head. See Types of screw head and screwdriver in the Wiki.")
• 15:55, 20 January 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:ZIF Connector (Created page with "A ZIF or Zero Insertion Force connector is one in which a clamp of some sort is closed to make a good contact after the mating parts have been engaged, instead of the force being applied during insertion. They are commonly used for delicate ribbon cables, and for test rigs where many insertions of devices under test will routinely be made.")
• 15:44, 20 January 2024 Philip talk contribs created page Glossary:Thermal Runaway (Created page with "Some electronic components and circuits take more current as as they get hotter. Unchecked, this can lead to a positive feedback effect in which excessive heat causes still more heat to be generated, ending in a catastrophic failure and possibly a fire.")